May
21, 2006
Hello from Ottawa: Getting in touch with
farming at the Canadian Agriculture Museum
After my very interesting introduction to sheep shearing and all
sorts of wool processing techniques I had a chance to link up with
David Sutin who is the Communications, Marketing and Farm Operations
Manager for the Canada
Agriculture Museum. In fact, Ottawa is the only world capital
that has a working farm at its heart. David volunteered to give
me a personal tour through the various facilities of the Museum
and we started with the Dairy Barn. Right when you come in is an
area for the "dry cows": these are pregnant animals that
stop giving milk in the two months before giving birth. David explained
to me that the gestation period of cows is very similar to that
of humans: 9 months.
Yes, definitely the Dairy Cow Barn...
David elaborated that male calves get moved into the sale barn
and sadly enough, eventually they end up being processed into veal.
On the other hand, the Museum keeps the female calves so they can
grow up into milk cows. The Canada
Agriculture Museum is home to a variety of different dairy cattle
breeds and the most productive of them all are Holsteins. Jersey
cows were imported from islands in the British Channel and I was
just amazed at the beautiful faces and the huge, long-lashed eyes
of these cows. The Canadienne cows were brought over from Europe
by immigrants from France since they are hardier and better able
to withstand the harsh Canadian winters although they are not highly
efficient milk producers.
Every day the herdspersons at the Museum milk the cows at 6 am and
3:45 pm. The electric milking machines are connected to an overhead
pipe system that leads into a 2500 liter storage tank where all
the milk from the cows is collected and cooled to a temperature
of 0 to 5 degrees Celsius. The milk is agitated for even cooling.
Each cow actually drinks a bathtub of water everyday and produces
30 liters of milk. The milk of the cows is picked up every couple
of days by the milk truck. David explained when a cow is sick and
receiving antibiotic treatment, the milk is not allowed to be collected
and actually gets washed down the drain.
The beauty with the huge eyes...
We then continued into the maternity area that is also used for
isolating sick animals. David mentioned that occasionally cows will
suffer from a "twisted flipped stomach" (a cow's stomach
actually consists of 4 separate parts) and this condition requires
surgery. The veterinarian opens the cow's side with a 30 cm cut,
manually twists the stomach back to the correct position and sews
it onto to the abdomen wall. The whole procedure doesn't take much
more than an hour and is performed right in the barn, definitely
not under sterile conditions. But the animals always seem to come
out okay.
The cow barn is not air conditioned and in the summer it gets pretty
warm in the building. At night the cows are taken across the property
to a night pasture where they are allowed to graze the whole night
and they are taken back into the barn by 6 am. Year round the cows
are fed "corn silage" which is made of ground up corn
plants, stalks and all. The entire milk production is a big revenue
producer for the Museum and offsets some of the operating costs.
The Canada Agriculture Museum
From the Dairy Barn we went into an exhibition area that featured
a variety of samples of historic farm machinery. The "Beck
Circus", dating back to 1912, was a piece of demonstration
equipment that was used to show how electricity could make a farmer's
life easier. The Hydro-Electric Power Commission came up with this
contraption to show farmers the operation of a variety of electrically
powered devices, e.g. vacuum pumps for milking machines, a rocker
churn to make butter, a feed grinder, a windmill pump and an electrical
washing machine. These were the early days of electrical power when
most farm work was still done completely manually, only assisted
with the help of farm animals. It's hard to imagine how the quality
of life of farmers must have improved with the advent of electric
power.
The Beck Circus
David took me to an exhibition of farm tractors: originally they
were large, powerful yet very dangerous machines. Through various
technical innovations they were still large and even more powerful,
but they became much safer to operate since working parts were no
longer exposed. The Canada
Agriculture Museum features a variety of tractors. One of the
exhibits is hands-on; you can actually climb up into a tractor's
seat, flick the switch and experience the bumpy, bone-jarring uncomfortable
ride of an old-style tractor with metal wheels. Then you change
the setting and you see the difference of how much smoother the
ride is with rubber wheels. Another innovation that we don't even
think about today that made life so much easier for farmers.
Another tractor was actually a hybrid vehicle from the 1930s, consisting
of a car chassis and motor carriage that was converted into a farm
tractor. Apparently the vehicle was neither particularly adept at
being a passenger vehicle nor at being a tractor. The next big innovation
on display was the "Cockshutt Tractor", built in Brantford,
Ontario, which could have a manure spreader or other implement behind
that was powered by the tractor's engine without the necessity for
the tractor to be moving. This technology was called the "independent
power takeoff" and a significant Canadian innovation during
the 1940s.
Is it a car? Or is it a tractor?
The next piece of equipment was a specialized tractor used in vegetable
fields which had a very slender nose and an engine mounted in the
rear of the vehicle. The slender frontal portion would allow the
farmer to see the vegetable planting much better. One of the popular
displays at the Canada Agriculture Museum is a tractor simulator
donated by the John Deere Company. You can climb up into the cab,
look ahead through the windshield onto a simulated farmer's field
and the simulator rocks you around in the cab as if you were in
a real tractor ploughing the field. David explained that today's
tractors actually have sophisticated GPS (global positioning systems)
which keep track of which areas the farmer has already covered during
planting so they don't go over the same area twice or miss other
spots.
The John Deere tractor simulator
The machinery exhibit area includes a variety of quizzes with questions
such as what would be the link to agriculture of a variety of everyday
items. Diapers, photo film and other products we commonly use actually
contain agricultural by-products, and we don't even associate them
at all with farming operations. It's amazing how many items we take
for granted in our daily lives and how many of them are derived
from agricultural products.
Then David took me into the Small Animal Barn which houses the
pigs, chickens, rabbits, sheep and goats of the Museum. Currently
the Museum has one ram and 17 ewes that all have one to three lambs
per year. Apparently pigs are surprisingly clean animals, they have
a special designated area in their pens for bodily functions and
they keep their living area totally clean. David showed me the birth
area for the pigs which is called a "farrowing crate".
It is a metal contraption that ensures that the mother pig doesn't
squash the new born piglets, a very real danger with these sizeable
animals.
On the way to the barn he explained that although the Canada
Agriculture Museum is a great place for animals, they are still
working on improving the facilities for the human visitors. One
of the recent improvements is a big playground for children which
will make the Canada Agriculture Museum an even more popular destination
for young families.
A happy angora goat sheep family...
Throughout the year, the Canada Agriculture Museum offers a comprehensive
calendar of activities. I found out that the Museum is open 364
days a year with the exception of Christmas Day. All the facilities
are fully accessible from March to October and during the winter
months admission actually is free.
Some highlights of the calendar include activities during Easter
where you can see rabbits, newborn lambs and newly-hatched chicks,
not to forget the Easter egg hunt. Mother's Day (with free admission
for all mothers) centers on "farm mothers", female animals
that provide us with milk, eggs and meat. I of course already caught
the Sheep Shearing Festival
on the Victoria Day Weekend.
Special activities continue with Father's Day where all fathers
get free admission so they can enjoy the Tractors exhibition. Canada
Day activities focus on the Canadian Horse while there are fun and
informative demonstrations all throughout the summer months. Fall
welcomes visitors with October Harvest Weekends and special Halloween
events and from November 1 to February 28 admission to the museum
is free altogether. In addition to regular visitor programs, there
are a variety of School Programs that encourage teachers to bring
children to the Canada
Agriculture Museum to learn and experience a working farm in
the middle of the city.
On our way out of the Museum David mentioned that the Museum will
have a brand new exhibition starting in March of 2007 called "Food
for Health" which will deal with making wise food choices,
food handling and various other nutrition-related topics. So that
just means that next time I come to Ottawa I'll have something new
to discover...
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Helpful websites:
Ottawa
Tourism: Ottawa's official tourism information
The ByWard
Market Business Improvement Area
The
National Capital Commission
The National
Museum of Civilization
The National Gallery
of Canada
The Canadian War
Museum
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of Nature
The
Canadian Agriculture Museum
Useful books about Ottawa:
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